Extrusion is a plastic forming method used to shape rods, profiles, wire, pipe and thick-walled profiles. It is widely used across the construction, electrical, chemical and food industries.
Extrusion machines are similar in structure to injection machines. Plastic granules are melted inside a barrel jacketed with a motor and heaters; the molten plastic passes through a die to take the desired shape and then travels through a water channel to cool. Once cooled and solidified, the material is packaged and stored.
Plastic extrusion screws generally have three zones: feed, melting and metering. In compounding (mixing one or more polymers with additives), twin-screw extruders are used to achieve adequate blending. Twin-screw extruders fall into two groups, co-rotating and counter-rotating: co-rotating screws provide stronger mixing, while counter-rotating screws build up higher pressure.
The main types include blown film extrusion, co-extrusion, flat film extrusion, foam extrusion, profile extrusion, wire and cable coating, and calendering. The most important advantage is that profiles can be produced in any desired length.
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